Category: Defence

How Rome Bought Loyalty: Inside the Pay System of the Imperial Legions

Measured in silver, the Roman soldier seemed poorly paid. But once we map his lifetime income by social percentile, he emerges as one of the best-compensated professionals of antiquity. Rome’s army wasn’t just a military machine — it was the empire’s largest engine of social mobility, recycling half of all state spending into land, pensions, and loyalty.

The Next War: Why Israel May Strike Iran Before Winter.

Israel faces a narrowing window for war with Iran as U.S. naval forces and refuelling tankers reposition across the Middle East. With the USS Gerald R. Ford carrier group on station and regional skies soon to close with winter weather, pressure is building on Tel Aviv to decide whether to strike now or stand down until spring.

The Contest for the “Sacred” Arctic

On a late summer day in Murmansk, the Russian nuclear icebreaker Arktika noses out of its berth, a slab of steel and reactors bound for the Northern Sea Route. Far to the east, Chinese...